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Verified by the CalcTree engineering team on July 8, 2024
This calculator designs timber members in compression, like columns and truss struts, by ensuring the member meets compression requirements to Ultimate Limit State (ULS) methods.
All calculations are performed in accordance with AS 1720.1-2010.
Check out our Timber Design Standards - AS1720 and AS1684 for further explanation about timber design for compression members.
Calculation
Assumptions
- Only applicable to solid sawn timber, i.e. excludes plywood, GLT and LVL members
- Only applicable to F-grade timber
- Input geometry is for rectangular and square sections only
- Any applied wind, into a column from the presence of a braced bay has been resolved into a push-pull by the user and inputted as an axial load
- As per Cl 2.4.2 AS1720.1, seasoned timber has moisture content , unseasoned timber has moisture contentand partially seasoned timber has moisture content-. For seasoned timber, the calculator takesas per Cl 2.4.2.3 AS1720.1 assuming it's average moisture content for 12 months is not expected to exceed 15%. For unseasoned timber, the calculator takesas per Cl 2.4.2.2 AS1720.1 assuming it will be subject to its full design load before being partially seasoned. For partially seasoned timber, the calculator uses Table 2.5 AS1720.1
Material Properties
Stress grade
:F22
f'c
:42Stress Grade
Timber used in structural applications are assigned a stress grade classification. These grades can be obtained from visual or machine grading. The grading specifies structural timbers' characteristic values of strength and stiffness and stress limits. Stress grades are generally known by either:
- F-Grades: F4 - F34 (i.e. F22 indicates that the bending stress timber is approximately 22 MPa, and it can withstand that force without excessive deflection). Most Hardwoods are ‘F’ graded, with the higher the grade, the stronger the timber. F-Grades for sawn timbers are given in Table H2.1 of Appendix H in AS1720.1, and F-grades for plywood as given in Table 5.1.
- Machine-graded pine (MGP): [excluded from this calculator]
- Australian Ash (A17-grade): [excluded from this calculator]
- Glue-Laminated Timber (GLT): [excluded from this calculator]
Type
:SoftwoodTypes
Wood from trees is typically classified as either hardwood or softwood. You can be forgiven for thinking that hardwood indicates the relative hardness of the wood, but this is often misleading as many hardwoods are relatively soft and vice versa. The the main characteristic differences between hardwoods and softwoods are shown below.
Whether the beam is hardwood or softwood affects the
material constant which affects k12.
Seasoned or unseasoned
:Seasoned
Column Geometry
Condition of end restraint
:Restrained at both ends in position only
D
:{"mathjs":"Unit","value":150,"unit":"mm","fixPrefix":false}
B
:{"mathjs":"Unit","value":100,"unit":"mm","fixPrefix":false}
Ag
:15000
L
:{"mathjs":"Unit","value":2000,"unit":"mm","fixPrefix":false}
Lax
:{"mathjs":"Unit","value":2000,"unit":"mm","fixPrefix":false}
Lay
:{"mathjs":"Unit","value":2000,"unit":"mm","fixPrefix":false}
Loads
Type of live load
:Floors - Residential and Domestic
G
:{"mathjs":"Unit","value":50,"unit":"kN","fixPrefix":false}
Q
:{"mathjs":"Unit","value":60,"unit":"kN","fixPrefix":false}
W
:{"mathjs":"Unit","value":5,"unit":"kN","fixPrefix":false}
Ψs
:0.7
Ψl
:0.4
Ψc
:0.4
Modification Factors
k1
:0.8Load duration factor, k1
As per AS1720.1 Clause 2.4.1, the modification factor k1 describes the effect of duration of load on strength.
Since k1 changes for each load combination, we can determine which k1 will be most critical by determining w*/k1 for each load combination:
(1.35G)/k1
:118.42105263157895
(1.2G + 1.5Q)/k1
:187.5
(1.2G + 1.5ΨcQ)/k1
:172.80701754385964
(1.2G + Wu + ΨcQ)/k1
:89
(0.9G + Wu)/k1
:50
Most critical case
:1.2G + 1.5Q
k4
:1Moisture content factor, k4
As per AS1720.1 Clause 2.4.2, k4 considers the effect of seasoning and moisture content. For seasoned & unseasoned timber, k4 = 1. If partially seasoned, k4 is taken from Table 2.5 of AS1720.1.
k6
:1Temperature Factor, k6
As per AS1720.1 Clause 2.4.3, k6 considers the effect of temperature. For timber structures that are covered and under ambient conditions, k6 equals 1. For seasoned timber structures in coastal regions of Queensland north of latitude 25S and all other regions of Australia north of latitude 16S, k6 shall be taken as 0.9.
k12_yy
:0.7533333333333352
k12_xx
:0.40Stability Factor, k12
As per AS1720.1 Clause 3.3.3, k12 considers the stability of the member. In compression, the end restraint has an impact on the slenderness and buckling of the timber column.
For buckling about the (major) X-axis,
and for buckling about the (minor) Y-axis,
.
S3
:13.33
S4
:20.00
ULS Compression Check
ϕ
:0.95Capacity reduction factor
As per Table 2.1 of AS1720.1.
Nd,c
:190.848214285714
N*
:150
Utilisation
:0.785964912280703
Design status
:PASS
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