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Dezi et. al (2010)
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Projectile motion
This sub-page determines wind load for the Main Wind-Force Resisting System (MWFRS) for buildings of any height as per ASCE 7-10 Chapter 27. Wind loads are determined for the windward wall, leeward wall, side walls and roof.
Assumptions
- Mean roof heights, h ≤ 500 ft (= 150 meters)
- Enclosed or partially enclosed building. Calculator is not applicable for open buildings.
- Gable roof is symmetrical. For flat roofs (θ = 0 degrees) use either Gable (G) or Monoslope (M) for "Roof Type".
- Sign convention of wind pressures: + is acting toward the surface, - is acting away from the surface
Calculation
Inputs
Building properties
Building Classification
:II
Enclosed Building? (Y/N)
:Y
Roof Type
:Gable
hr
:40ft
he
:25ft
B
:30ft
L
:40ft
β
:0.05Suggested range of β = 0.010-0.070
The Damping Ratio, b, is the percent of critical damping.
It is only used in the calculation of the Gust Factor, Gf, when a building is considered "flexible". A building is considered "flexible" when it has a natural frequency, f < 1 hz. Otherwise the building is considered "rigid".
Suggested range of values is from 0.010 to 0.070 as indicated below:
Material/Construction b (Damping Ratio)
Welded steel, 0.01 to 0.02
prestressed concrete
Reinforced concrete 0.03 to 0.05
Bolted or riveted steel, 0.05 to 0.07
wood
Note: if the building is "flexible", the smaller the value of the damping ratio, the larger the gust effect factor, Gf, becomes.
Period Coeficient, Ct
:0.035Suggested range of Ct = 0.020-0.035
The building Period Coefficient, Ct, has suggested range of values from 0.020 to 0.035. It is used in the equation for the assumed period of the building: T = Ct*h^3/4.
Then the natural frequency, f, is determined by: f = 1/T.
It is only used in the calculation of the Gust Factor, Gf, when a building is considered "flexible". A building is considered "flexible" when it has a natural frequency, f < 1 hz. Otherwise the building is considered "rigid".
Note: if the period, T, or the natural frequency, f, is already known (obtained by other means), then the value of Ct may be "manipulated" to give the desired results for T and f.
Wind and site properties
Wind direction to building ridge
:Normal
V
:130mph
Exposure Category
:B
Kzt
:1
Kd
:0.85
Hurricane Region?
:N
Output
Building geometry
θ
:45.0deg
h
:32.5ft
Ratio h/L
:1.0833333333333333
Wind pressure coefficients
External pressure coefficient Cp, walls
0.8 | |
-0.5 | |
-0.7 |
External pressure coefficient Cp, roof
Windward Roof Cp | 0 | |
Windward Roof Cp | 0 | |
Leeward Roof Cp | -0.6 | |
| | |
Internal pressure coefficient. GCpi
0.18 | |
-0.18 |
Velocity pressure, qh
Gust Effect Factor, G
f
:2.0990338144328793HzIf f>=1, it is a rigid structure
G for rigid structure
:1
G for rigid structure (1)
:0.86
G for flexible structure
:N.A.
G
:0.85
Design wind load pressures, p
Results table below
:Normal to Ridge Wind Load Tabulation for MWFRS - Buildings of Any HeightDetails
Explanation
How do I apply these results to my building?
The MWFRS of buildings of all heights, shall be designed for the wind load cases described below. The diagrams below are from Figure 27.3-8 of ASCE 7-22, these wind load cases are the same in ASCE 7-10. Note, the diagrams are plan view and roof pressures are not shown for clarity.
Notation
- Pwx, Pwy = windward face pressure acting in the X, Y principal axis, respectively
- PLx, PLy = leeward face pressure acting in the X, Y principal axis, respectively
- ex, ey = eccentricity for X, Y principal axis of the structure, respectively
- Mz = torsional moment per unit height acting about a vertical axis of the building