This calculator analyses and checks each fillet weld group for in-plane loading. The weld group is analysed using the Instantaneous Centre of Rotation (ICR) concept and then the shear force at each end of each weld line is checked to ensure the critical design shear is considered.
Is for fillet welds only i.e. is not applicable for butt, slot, plug or compound welds
Assumes the two legs of the fillet weld are equal i.e.
tw1=tw2=tw
Assumes all fillet welds in the weld group are the same size given by
tw
Checks for up to four weld lines. For other amounts of weld lines, use the spreadsheet directly.
Assumes the plate elements being joined by fillet welds behave rigidly in the plane of the weld group.
All weld line coordinates are relative to the origin which is the bottom left corner of the weld group.
Assumes the total weld length is
≤1.7m
, that is,
kr=1.0
Assumes all weld lines are orthogonal to the x- and y-axis (for the determination of
Iwp
Weld Properties
tw
:6mm
Fillet weld size
Weld category
:1
Weld category
Weld electrode type
:43
Weld electrode type
Φ
:0.6
fuw
:430MPa
Φv_w
:657N/mm
Weld capacity
Weld Group Geometry
100
380
100
0
x_centroid
:25.86mm
y_centroid
:190.00mm
I_wp
:1.28e+7mm4
Design Loads
F*x
:30.00 kN
ey
:-0.2m
F*y
:100.00 kN
ex
:0.3m
M*z
:0
M*o
:36kN m
👉Note:
input the design actions
(Fx∗,Fy∗,Mz∗)
using the sign convention in the image below
ex
and
ey
are the force eccentricities from the weld group centroid. Refer to the coordinates of the weld group centroid in order to determine your
ex
and
ey
.
Weld group loaded by in-plane actions: (a) initial in-plane actions, (b) resolved actions about group centroid
Design Check
Weld group design check summary:
Status
:0
#1
1
174.14
190
818.22
FAIL
#1
2
-25.86
190
491.99
SAFE
#2
3
-25.86
190
491.99
SAFE
#2
4
-25.86
-190
593.66
SAFE
#3
5
74.14
-190
698.07
FAIL
#3
6
-25.86
-190
593.66
SAFE
Explanation
Welding is used in the fabrication of steelwork. It is particularly useful in connections and for combining several plates or sections into built-up sections with greater capacity then available rolled sections. More then one weld line forms a weld group. A weld group is subject to in-plane eccentric forces and moments.
A typical connection with a weld group is a beam to column welded connection.
Beam to column welded connection
Weld capacity
As per Cl 9.6.3.10 of AS4100, the capacity of each weld line,
ϕvw(N/mm)
is given by:
ϕvw=ϕ×0.6×tt×fuw
Where:
tw
is the weld thickness
(mm)
fuw
is the nominal tensile strength of weld metal
(MPa)
Analysis of weld groups
As per Cl 9.7 of AS4100, elastic analysis of weld groups for in-plane loading is permitted using the Instantaneous Centre of Rotation (ICR) concept. The ICR is the point at which the weld group rotates about when subject to overall weld group actions. The ICR enables us to calculate the distribution of loads to each weld line in a weld group.
The method is not described in detail in AS4100, but is summarised below using the Steel Designers Handbook.
Analysis of the weld group uses the ICR concept together with superposition. For a weld group with in-plane design loading, a pure moment acting on a weld group has the ICR positioned at the weld group centroid. Whereas, when the same weld group is subject to shear force only, the ICR is at infinity. Therefore, for a weld group seeing in-plane shear and moments, superposition of the two individual action effects means uniformly distributing shear forces to all welds in the group while also assuming the weld group rotation from moment effects occurs about the group centroid.
👉 Based on superposition of in-plane loading, the ICR is in the same position as the weld group centroid.
Design actions
(Fx∗,Fy∗,Mz∗)
applied away from the centroid of the weld group may be treated as being applied at the centroid plus moments, with forces
Fx∗,Fy∗
and a resolved moment
Mo∗
.
Weld group loaded by in-plane actions: (a) initial in-plane actions, (b) resolved actions about group centroid and indicating a
vx∗,vy∗,&vw∗
of a weld end.
So in summary, the analysis of weld groups follows these steps:
The centroid of the weld group is evaluated based on the inputted weld group geometry.
All applied loads
(Fx∗,Fy∗,Mz∗)
are calculated as a concentrated resultant load
(Fx∗,Fy∗,Mo∗)
at the centroid of the weld group.
The resultant loads are distributed to each weld line by calculating the shear force
vw∗
at the start and end of each weld line because the largest shear force for any given load on a weld line will occur at the ends. The
vw∗
on each weld end is proportional to the distance from the weld end to the group centroid.
The 'critical' weld end is considered to be the weld end furthest from the centroid, which is used for the design check on the overall weld group.
Here are the equations you will need...
The weld group centroid coordinates
(xˉ,yˉ)
are given by:
xˉ=∑ds∑ds×xiyˉ=∑ds∑ds×yi
Where:
xi,yi
are the coordinates of the centers of each weld line
ds
is the length of a weld line, where
lw=∑ds
The resultant design force per unit length of each weld line