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This page provides insight into determining the impulse and momentum and provides a function to help you calculate it using the 'velocity change' and 'time interval' approaches.
Figure 1: Diagram to Depict the Impulse And The Change in Momentum

Figure 1 illustrates the magnitude of an impulse experienced by a particle when its momentum changes from the initial state to the final state. The diagram depicts the velocity of a particle before, during and after a collision.

Calculation

Impulse Equation 1 - Velocity Change

Inputs



m
:10kg​



v(1)
:20m / s​



v(2)
:30m / s​


Here are the variables for the equation

  1. J = the impulse, the change in momentum.
  2. m = the mass
  1. p = momentum
  1. Δv = the change in velocity, v(1) is the initial and v(2) is the final velocity.

Output



p(1)
:200kg m/s​



p(2)
:300kg m/s​


p=mvp = m v


J (equation 1)
:100N/s​


Jequation 1=mv2−mv1J_{equation\ 1} = mv_{2} - mv_{1}

Impulse Equation 2 - Time Interval

Inputs



F, N
:100N​



Δt
:2s​


Here are the variables for the equation

  1. F = the force acting on the system.
  2. J = the impulse, the change in momentum.
  3. p = the momentum.
  4. Δt = the change in time, i.e. the time interval.

Output



J (equation 2)
:200N/s​


Jequation 2=FΔt  J _{equation\ 2}= F \Delta t \: \:

Explanation

Impulse and momentum are fundamental concepts in physics, and they play a crucial role in our understanding of motion and energy transfer. Impulse is the change in momentum, while momentum is the product of an object's mass and velocity.

Momentum Equation


p=mvp = m v

Impulse Equation 1 - Velocity Change

As impulse is the change in momentum, it can be expressed in the following equation:

Jequation 1=mv2−mv1J_{equation\ 1}= mv_{2} - mv_{1}

Impulse Equation 2 - Time Interval

Impulse can also be calculated by using the following equation:

Jequation 2=FΔt  J_{equation\ 2} = F \Delta t \: \:
This is useful when you know the total force acting on a system and the specific time interval for which you measure impulse.

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References

  1. Rice University. 2023. 8.1 Linear Momentum, Force, and Impulse. [ONLINE] Available at: https://openstax.org/books/physics/pages/8-1-linear-momentum-force-and-impulse. [Accessed 15 November 2023].
  2. The Physics Classroom. 2023. Momentum Change and Impulse Connection. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/momentum/U4L1b.cfm. [Accessed 15 November 2023].
  3. University of Sydney. 2023. Lecture 9 Momentum, impulse and energy. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/~helenj/Mechanics/PDF/mechanics09.pdf. [Accessed 15 November 2023].
  4. Wikipedia. 2023. Impulse (physics). [ONLINE] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse_(physics). [Accessed 15 November 2023].