In isotropic materials, there is a relationship between Young's modulus, the bulk modulus and Poisson’s ratio. This calculator determines Young's modulus based on the relationship, and provides the derivation of the relationship.
Calculator
Output
E=3K(1−2ν) - is Poisson's ratio, a measure of how much a material expands or contracts in the direction perpendicular to its loading direction (unitless)
- is bulk modulus, a material property that is a measure of the resistance to longitudinal deformation
- is Young's modulus, a material property that is a measure of the resistance to longitudinal deformation
Explanation
Imagine a segment of rubber, in the usual shape of a unit cuboid. Let us consider, a tensile force (such as you pulling on it) acting normally outward on each surface of the unit cube. Tensile forces, P acting on each surface of a unit cube
The force acting along the direction of x-axis produces an extension along that direction. Since the cube is a unit cube, and indicate the tensile stress and tensile strain along that axis, respectively. By definition, Young’s modulus, is therefore given by or . Also by definition, the contraction of the cube in the other two directions (y-axis and z-axis) is given by where is Poisson’s Ratio. The force acting in the x-direction produces an extension in the x-axis and a contraction in the y-axis and z-axis. Similarly, the tensile force acting in the y-direction produces an extension in the y-axis and a contraction in the x-axis and z-axis. The tensile force acting in the z-direction produces an extension in the z-axis and a contraction in the x-axis and y-axis. The total (longitudinal) extension, along each of the three axes is given by:
εlong=EP−E2νP=EP(1−2ν)→E=εlongP(1−2ν) All the tensile forces acting together produce a volume stress of magnitude . This stress produces a volume strain, of magnitude where is known as the bulk modulus. Volume strain, is equal to three times the longitudinal strain, along each direction. And therefore we get:
E=εvol/3P(1−2ν)→E=3K(1−2ν) Related Resources
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