In isotropic materials, there is a relationship between Young's modulus, the bulk modulus and Poisson’s ratio. This calculator determines Young's modulus based on the relationship, and provides the derivation of the relationship.
Calculator
Input
K
:200.00GPa
v
:-0.20
Output
E
:840.00GPa
E=3K(1−2ν)
Where:
ν
is Poisson's ratio, a measure of how much a material expands or contracts in the direction perpendicular to its loading direction (unitless)
K
is bulk modulus, a material property that is a measure of the resistance to longitudinal deformation
(GPa)
E
is Young's modulus, a material property that is a measure of the resistance to longitudinal deformation
(GPa)
Explanation
Imagine a segment of rubber, in the usual shape of a unit cuboid. Let us consider, a tensile force
P
(such as you pulling on it) acting normally outward on each surface of the unit cube.
Tensile forces, P acting on each surface of a unit cube
The force
P
acting along the direction of x-axis produces an extension
ε
along that direction. Since the cube is a unit cube,
P
and
ε
indicate the tensile stress and tensile strain along that axis, respectively. By definition, Young’s modulus,
E
is therefore given by
E=εP
or
ε=EP
.
Also by definition, the contraction of the cube in the other two directions (y-axis and z-axis) is given by
νε=YνP
where
ν
is Poisson’s Ratio.
The force
P
acting in the x-direction produces an extension
EP
in the x-axis and a contraction
−EνP
in the y-axis and z-axis.
Similarly, the tensile force
P
acting in the y-direction produces an extension
EP
in the y-axis and a contraction
−EνP
in the x-axis and z-axis. The tensile force
P
acting in the z-direction produces an extension
EP
in the z-axis and a contraction
−EνP
in the x-axis and y-axis.
The total (longitudinal) extension,
εlong
along each of the three axes is given by:
εlong=EP−E2νP=EP(1−2ν)→E=εlongP(1−2ν)
All the tensile forces acting together produce a volume stress of magnitude
P
. This stress produces a volume strain,
εvol
of magnitude
KP
where
K
is known as the bulk modulus.
Volume strain,
εvol
is equal to three times the longitudinal strain,
εlong
along each direction. And therefore we get:
E=εvol/3P(1−2ν)→E=3K(1−2ν)
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