This calculator allows the user to assess the structural integrity of simply supported one-way slabs to ensure compliance with the ACI 318 Building Code (2019). The calculation will verify the reinforcement needs for concrete slabs ensuring compliance with flexural design criteria. Additionally, it checks the shear capacity of the slabs, employing ultimate limit state design (ULS) methods.
❗ This calculation has been written in accordance with ACI 318-19.
Slab view - Geometric properties
Slab cross-section - Geometric properties
Calculation
Technical notes and assumptions
Any top reinforcement is ignored and does not contribute to the slab's flexural capacity.
The slab is considered simply supported.
The slab's self-weight is calculated automatically once the user sets the concrete weight and slab's depth.
Design forces and reinforcement are calculated and shall be distributed in 1-meter width.
An axial capacity check of the slab is not included.
If flexural or shear utilization surpasses 100%, the used should increase the assumed reinforcement or slab's depth.
The user has the flexibility to employ up to two distinct bar diameters and spacings for both principal and secondary reinforcement.
❗ NOTE: The user can choose between a manual calculation with the desired solicitations "Mu" and "Vu" or calculate them internally with the assumptions listed above. In case of checking reinforcement for negative moments calculated by hand or other software, the user should choose "MANUAL" mode and type the required solicitations.
Inputs
Calculation type
Calculation type
:MANUAL
User Vu
:3kN
User Mu
:10kN m
❗ Choose "MANUAL" to insert your desired "Mu" and "Vu" or "AUTO" to do it automatically.
If the "AUTO" mode is set, users Mu and Vu won't work.
Loads
DL: q
:2.5kN/m
LL: q
:3.5kN/m
Material Properties
Concrete weight
:24kN/m3
f'c
:30MPa
fsy
:420MPa
Geometric Properties
D
:300mm
c
:20mm
S
:3m
Tensile (Bottom) Reinforcement:
db.st
:9mm
s
:150mm
db.st (1)
:0mm
s
:150mm
Design Properties
ϕ
:0.9
ϕ (1)
:0.75
Output
Geometric Properties
Ast
:424.11500823462154mm2
Ag
:300000mm2
Zx
:15000000mm3
Ixx
:2250000000mm4
Design Forces by Load Case
SW: Self-Weight Bending Moment
:8.1kN m
SW: Self-Weight Shear
:10.8kN
DLBM
:2.8125kN m
DL: Uniform Load Shear
:3.75kN
LL: Uniform Load Bending Moment
:3.9375kN m
LL: Uniform Load Shear
:5.25kN
Ultimate Design Forces
Mu
:10kN m
Mn
:11.11111111111111kN m
Vu
:3kN
Vn
:4kN
Design Checks
Flexural Checks
Minimum reinforcement
:540mm2
Flexural capacity:
Required Reinforcement
:918.333333333333mm2
Ast
:424.11500823462154mm2
ϕadopted
:0.9
Adopted Ka
:0.025355439800511144
et adopted
:0.0975701348532159
Check
:ERROR
Mn adopted
:48.4521967696315kN m
Mu adopted
:43.60697709266835kN m
Flexural reinforcement utilization
:0.2293211010419085
The required reinforcement checks for the maximum value between the minimum reinforcement in accordance with the ACI 318-19 Table 7.6.1.1 and the required reinforcement by flexural solicitations. The specified reinforcement should be distributed within a 1-meter width.
If the "Check" box gives an "ERROR" message, the user should check:
Adopted reinforcement vs needed.
Et adopted > 0.004
Mu adopted > Mu
Shear Checks
Shear capacity:
λ
:1
Vc
:111.775587590666kN
Shear utilization
:0.035785989465324235
Lambda factor should be set by the user according to ACI Table 19.2.4.2.
The concrete shear capacity is calculated based on a 1-meter width.
The assumed reinforcement for the section is the "Adopted reinforcement" calculated in the "Flexural Checks" section.
The concrete shear capacity is compared to Vn.
Explanation
Slabs are an important structural element in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. They are designed to provide resistance to external loads that cause shear forces and bending moments across their length.
Concrete exhibits strength in compression but is relatively weak in tension. Therefore, reinforcement is incorporated to withstand the tensile stresses that arise when slabs are subjected to loads. In a simply supported slab, the tensile stresses primarily occur along the bottom of the section. Consequently, in theory, there is no necessity for top reinforcement.
General Steps One-way Slabs Design
Generally, the limit state checks for RC elements design include the following:
Moment flexural capacity
Shear capacity
Deflection
Stability
Crack control
This calculator covers the first two checks - flexural and shear capacity. Deflection, stability checks and crack control require a more detailed examination by the engineer.
Ultimate Flexural Capacity
The flexural (also referred to as 'bending' or 'moment') capacity of a slab cross-section is determined using the Rectangular Stress Block method. The stress distribution in concrete under bending is curved in reality, however, it can be converted to an equivalent rectangular stress block by the use of reduction factors shown in the following image.
The strain and equivalent rectangular stress block of a typical concrete section for flexural design
Factor ka is not defined explicitly in the standards and must be computed via mechanics solving the equation Cc=T as shown:
The ultimate flexural strength at critical sections should not be less than the minimum required strength in bending and by the minimum flexural reinforcement according to ACI Table 7.6.1.1:
Asmin≥fy0.0018×420bd≥0.0014bd
A section will require compression reinforcement when the compressed concrete section is insufficient to balance the external moment. The maximum moment that concrete can balance is achieved when the maximum compression strain in concrete (0.003) is reached, and the minimum tensile strain in steel (0.005 for ductile failure) is maintained. This is deduced from the triangle relationship:
Once the reduction factor ϕ is determined from ACI Table 21.2.2, the reduced moment flexural capacity is thus given as:
ϕMu=ϕAstfsy×(d−2α)
Ultimate Shear Capacity
The total shear capacity of a section (Vu) is the combination of the shear strength contributed by concrete (Vuc) and shear reinforcement (Vus), limited by Vu.max.:
ϕVu=ϕ(Vuc+Vus)
Since slabs typically lack shear reinforcement, their capacity is assessed solely based on the contribution of concrete.
❗ NOTE: In the presence of significant point loads on the slab, such as those from columns, the engineer should verify punching shear.
Contribution to Shear Strength from Concrete (Vuc)
For non-prestressed members, the concrete capacity is determined by ACI Table 22.5.5.1: